CHARGE & FIELD

T = 2πm/qB — no speed in it: five radii, one period, audited to 1e-15. The spiral obeys √k to the bit.

m = qBr/v — mass from a photograph: the roundtrip returns carbon-12 bitwise.

Crossed E⊥B pass exactly one speed: v = E/B, with no q and no m in the verdict.

ε = BLv, and the ledger: Fv === I²R with residual 0 at every speed — work becomes heat, joule for joule.

Exact finite-field overlap drives Φ, ε, the full RL transient, signed magnetic force, and Wext = QR + UL on one clock.

B = μ₀nI and F/L = μ₀I²/2πd — the old ampere audited to one ulp.

Two charges: the field vanishes at x = r/(1+√(q₂/q₁)) — but ∇²V=0 makes it a saddle, so nothing rests there. Earnshaw, drawn.

A sideways voltage V_H = IB/nqt — and its SIGN names the carrier. Electrons and holes bend the same way but flip the voltage.